Thursday, December 17, 2020

Parashat Miketz - The Pit

רפואה מן התורה
Healing from the Torah


Parashat Miketz 
Genesis 44:1-44:17
By Rabbi Adam Ruditsky 

     Although I have many teachers. I’d say my two greatest teachers have been life and death.  Each though is like a pit, however.  The pit of life teaches me to be thankful for what I have, learning to let the ebb and flow of the good and the bad, the seen and the unseen, the expected and unexpected to teach me lessons that only life and its imperfections can produce.  The pit of death has taught me to appreciate those around me, seeing the beauty in another even if I encounter beauty differently, recognizing that sometimes it takes the absence of one to see the other.  But the pit of death has also taught me how that the power of regret and anger or guilt and fear (to name a few) can leave behind a residue that infiltrates the pit of life, keeping me if unaware with the sakes and scorpions that meander on the bottom.  For me, the reality of the pit either adds to my life or it keeps me a prisoner to my past that endeavors to siphon away the future which in the end will include my departure from one existence to the next.
     Regarding Joseph, who we began reading about last week, he also had such an experience, where the darkness of his days in a pit appear to end this week.  In Talmud, Tractate Shabbat, Joseph and Hanukkah are connected although at first glance appear as strange bed fellows.  In short, while Rashi says that the pit was empty of water it also contained snakes and scorpions, the Abarbanel disagreeing based on the fact that Reuven who intervened to save his brother would have never approved of such a tactic.  What made Joseph and Hanukkah connected according according to Talmud was the measurement of “twenty cubits,” or 30 feet.  If any lower you could not see the dangers of the pit, but if the 
Hanukkah menorah was any higher it could not be clearly seen.  With Hanukkah the lights glimmered in the darkness and for Joseph he emerged from the darkness of the pit, each its own miracle and perhaps why they coincide yearly.
     The parsha itself is basically divided into two stories; Joseph interpreting Pharaoh’s dreams and Joseph’s initial encounter with his brothers.  The dreams spoke to the abundance of today and the needs for tomorrow regarding provision and lack.  The first dream was about seven beautiful cows and seven emaciated cows, the latter eventually consuming the former.  The second was of seven healthy ears of corn and seven rotten ones, the latter causing the former ones to lose their health.  The interpretation was that there would be seven years of plenty followed by seven years of famine where the nation and the known world would have nothing.  Pharaoh then elevates Joseph from a mere Hebrew slave in jail to the second most powerful person to oversee this potential world crisis, thus Pharaoh said to him; I am Pharaoh; yet without you, no one shall lift up hand or foot in all the land of Egypt” (Genesis41:44).
     But toward the end of the first story and before the second the redactor of Torah inserts a few verses about the birth of Joseph’s two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim, which seems to come out of nowhere, although it is really setting up Joseph’s encounter with his brothers (see Genesis 41:50-52).  While Rashi teaches, based on a Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 34:7), that this info about the births was merely technical since according to Jewish law marital relations are forbidden during a famine, Rabbi Raphael Samson Hirsch says this highlights the fact that a Hebrew slave is the mentioned parent as opposed to his Egyptian wife Asenat, honoring the rise and person of Joseph. But Avivah Gottlieb Zornberg goes another way with this brief story. Zornberg ties Joseph’s physic-social, or behavior, to the names of his children and his past.  Manasseh, which means God has made me forget completely my hardship and my parental home,” in its Midrashic sense is connected to “Torah learning” that for Zornberg relates to Joseph’s “native culture,” or connection to his family upbringing.  Ephraim is about Joseph’s “survival,” which celebrates his ascent as a ruler from his “terror of great darkness” that fueled his plight of injustice (from his brothers or falsely accused by Potiphar’s wife).  Nachum Sarna also teaches that the experiences that drove Joseph’s desire to name Manasseh is tied into his experiences of being raised in Canaan while Ephraim is a word play of the word,הִפְרַ֥נִי, hifrani,  which means “fertile,” Joseph seeing Ephraim as a gain from a doomed past, or a “blessing of abundant prosperity.”  Zornberg links this gain to “gratitude,” thus the word for forget, נַשַּׁנִי (nash’shani), not only means to “forget” but also “credit,” Robert Alter translating the meaning of Manasseh as “God has released me from all the debt of my hardship,” ultimately meaning that the two sons were like a credit gained from the past more so than simply forgetting it.  But Joseph will learn that being grateful for the future without a past would be like not looking beyond the plenty of today without preparing for the famine of tomorrow.
     The truth is that Joseph found himself in the pit of rejection when his brothers turned on him. He also found himself in the pit of injustice after being thrown into jail for something that he did not do.  But now Joseph was in another type of pit, the pit of an emotional prison, embracing his new future while seeking to extinguish the past, entering a pit that was much deeper than he realized.  According to Sarna Joseph’s “physical, social and psychological security” allowed him to “forget his miserable unhappy” past with great bravado.  Yet, once the seven years of plenty had passed the famine overtook the world, and in the same way after nine years of Joseph being in command he encountered his own emotional famine at the arrival of his brothers.  When Joseph first saw his brothers after 22 years his initial reaction was to recall his dreams (see Genesis 42:8), Rashi making the observation that this recall was aroused when they bowed before him as opposed to being part of his current thoughts (see Rashi on Genesis 42:8).  Likewise, although the Sfrono teaches that his brothers in that moment made the dreams come alive it became a reminder on a profound level that Joseph would take on the role as a redeemer that caused him to think hard about how he would react.  Regardless, appealing again to Sarna, Joseph was “caught in a maelstrom of emotions,” the brothers bowing before him did not remind him of his rulership and current meaningful purpose, but instead his “sense of contentment is shaken by unpleasant memories.”
     Pirkei Avot 3:1 teaches, “Know from where you come, and where you are going, and before whom you are destined to give an account and reckoning,” words of wisdom that we can apply to Joseph’s struggle.  He did not only want to forget where he came from and focus solely on where he was going, but in giving account both to himself and his greater values in God, he came to realize that the better choice was to not allow the pain of the past to have power over his choices for the future.  In the end his personal pit taught Joseph that if he stayed in it he remained stuck, and although by deed as opposed to words, Joseph rose above his past to honor the future by making sure his brothers got the grain they sought instead of the revenge they may have deserved.  The pit provides value or is nothing but a sieve.  The pits of life, and death, are inevitable, how they are encountered are determined by each of us, the Torah teaches to be wise in choosing.

Shabbat Shalom

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